Increasing Moldova’s Deterrence Potential: Integrating National and Societal Resilience in Combating Russian Disinformation and Manipulation

This article provides an analysis of Russia’s disinformation activities, strategies, tactics, techniques, and procedures, including Kremlin propaganda narratives and the role of Russian mass media in Moldova. Russian propaganda operations create profound risks to Moldova’s social, economic, and information security. Key elements of the Kremlin’s disinformation operations—specifically, how they are conducted and which methods are used—provide insights into the reasons behind Russia’s disinformation campaign against Moldova. Examples, including Ilan Shor’s role in Russian disinformation activities in Moldova, as well as the Portal Kombat and Matryoshka operations, highlight the varied methods used as part of the broader campaign. A deeper understanding of these activities allows policymakers to develop countermeasures and post-incident responses to Russian disinformation activities in Moldova.