Conflict
The Critical Black Sea Zone
21.4.29_black_sea.pdf — Downloaded 21 timesGrowing Apart: The Impact of the Russian War in Ukraine on the Former Soviet Space
21.4.31_dunay.pdf — Downloaded 23 timesDeclaration of the Russian State as a State Sponsor of Terrorism: Pros, Cons, and Realities
21.4.40_davlikanova_pros.pdf — Downloaded 37 timesDesignation of the Russian Federation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism: Meeting the “Club of Villains” Criteria
21.4.42_rf_state_sponsor.pdf — Downloaded 31 timesLegal, Economic, and Regional Security Implications of the Russia-Ukraine War
21.4.00_ukraine_ii_ed.pdf — Downloaded 32 timesNATO and Intermediate Force Capabilities: Why Human Effects Matter
Introduction
On February 24, 2022, when Russia invaded Ukraine, the international order was impacted sharply and abruptly. Russia’s invasion put the North American Treaty Organization (NATO) on center stage. As a contribution to international security, NATO’s deterrence capabilities take many forms. From nuclear weapons to cyberattacks, to be effective, deterrence must be scalable across a conflict spectrum that includes non-kinetic actions.
21.2.09_ifc_human_f.pdf — Downloaded 374 timesGaming Intermediate Force Capabilities: Strategic Implications of Tactical Decisions
Introduction
Hybrid Threats
In recent years, analysis of the international security environment has increasingly focused on hybrid threat tactics in the grey zone.
21.2.07_gaming.pdf — Downloaded 370 timesDeveloping a NATO Intermediate Force Capabilities Concept
Introduction
What Motivates the Need for an IFC Concept?
Adversaries know NATO’s lethal capabilities and the thresholds for their use. And they exploit this. They avoid direct symmetrical engagements, instead maneuvering below lethal thresholds, pursuing their aims observed but undeterred. Or, they act indirectly through proxies or intermediaries, blending in and engaging only at times and places of their choosing.
21.2.05_nelson.pdf — Downloaded 407 timesNonlethal Weapons and Intermediate Force: A Necessary Complement to Lethality
Introduction
The phrase nonlethal weapons often brings to mind capabilities such as bean bags, rubber bullets, pepper spray, and electric stun guns. These capabilities are used domestically by law enforcement and by the military, primarily for protection and security missions. Nonlethal weapons (NLW) technology, however, has advanced significantly over the past 20 years.
21.2.04_intermediate_capabilities.pdf — Downloaded 392 timesHybrid Warfare and the Need for Intermediate Force Capabilities
Analyses of the international security environment have increasingly drawn attention to what is often referred to as the gray zone.[1] A RAND study exploring hybrid warfare/gray zone challenges defined this part of the competition continuum as “an operational space between peace and war, involving coercive actions to change the status quo below a threshold that, in most cases, would prompt a conventional military response, often by blurring the line between military and non-military actions and the attrib
21.2.00_hybrid_editorial.pdf — Downloaded 331 times