01611nas a2200241   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002653001500043653002200058653000900080653001500089653001600104653001900120653000800139653003600147653002500183100002000208700002100228245008000249300001200329490000700341520102100348       2025                            d10acase study10acurriculum design10aDEEP10aevaluation10aKirkpatrick10aPfP Consortium10aPME10aProfessional Military Education10areference curriculum1 aTimothy Dreifke1 aIryna Lysychkina00aReference Curricula: An Impactful Tool for Institutional Capacity Building?  a113-1270 v243 a<p>This article examines the motivation, history, development, implementation, and assessment of reference curricula by the Partnership for Peace Consortium and the Defense Education Enhancement Program. Driven by partner nations&#039; demands to modernize teaching techniques and curricula within their professional military education institutions, this article explains how flexible yet standardized curricula catalyze institutional reform. The discussion then transitions to a theoretical exploration of reference curricula development, focusing on educational standardization, institutional transfer, and military transformation. Next, the article describes the implementation of reference curricula, illustrated by a case study from the Moldovan Military Academy. The article concludes with both theoretical and practical discussions to assess the impact of reference curricula, using Kirkpatrick&#039;s Four-Level Evaluation Model, as well as alternatives that account for national and cultural contexts.</p>