01718nas a2200205   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001700043653002200060653001800082653001900100653001900119653000900138653001500147100001900162245011400181300001000295490000700305520120000312       2023                            d  cSummer 2023 10acognitive warfare10aCybersecurity10aEuropean Union10ahybrid warfare10aNATO10aresilience1 aRoland Kelemen00aThe Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian Hybrid War on the European Union's Cybersecurity Policies and Regulations  a75-900 v223 a<p>While Russia transitioned from hybrid to conventional warfare in Ukraine, NATO recognized cyberspace as another domain where allied response can be invoked. The European Union also decided to enhance the cybersecurity capabilities of the organization and its member states, making social resilience a priority area. It is recognized that the security of cyberspace and related systems is not just an economic issue but one that affects the whole society, necessitating a more complex strategy and regulation. The EU has taken steps to mitigate the cyber risks associated with hybrid warfare, enhancing network and cognitive security. However, offensive cyber operations could increasingly lead to open armed conflict. During existing conflicts, some cyber operations may undermine public confidence and further escalate the situation. The EU and its Member States must pay closer attention to escalation dynamics in their legislation and practices. It is crucial to scrutinize cyber policies, set specific targets and deadlines, and regularly update them. This will require stakeholders to find the appropriate regulatory levels and align national regulations, practices, and standards.</p>