@article{23131,
  keywords = {Deterrence, gray zone, infantry, intermediate force capabilities, land domain, maritime domain, mobility, NATO, non-lethal weapons, Protection of Civilians, stability policing, stabilization, urban operations},
  author = {Susan LeVine},
  title = {Nonlethal Weapons and Intermediate Force: A Necessary Complement to Lethality},
  abstract = {<p>This article updates a previous publication, “Beyond Bean Bags and Rubber Bullets: Intermediate Force Capabilities Across the Competition Continuum,” highlighting the relevance of non-lethal weapons as intermediate force capabilities to the U.S. 2022 National Defense Strategy and NATO’s 2022 Strategic Concept. Intermediate force capabilities can strengthen deterrence, providing active or defensive measures to counter aggression below the level of armed conflict, enable military operations among civilian populations in urban environments, and support establishing post-conflict safe and secure environments for transition to host nation governance.</p>
},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Connections: The Quarterly Journal},
  volume = {21},
  chapter = {55},
  pages = {55-66},
  month = {2022},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.11610/Connections.21.2.04},
  language = {eng},
}